Which of the following statements are correct for "Tillage"?

(A) The most important objectives of tillage are seedbed preparation, increasing soil fertility, and soil moisture conservation.
(B) Tillage increases the bulk density of soil in the long run.
(C) Tillage improve soil tilth, soil aeration and root penetration.
(D) Tillage removes hard pans thus increase the soil depth for water absorption.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Question

Which of the following statements is false?

Answer 1

Tillage changes the physical condition of soil, and this question checks whether you know which claimed effects are actually true.

Statement (A): Claims tillage's main goals include seedbed preparation, raising soil fertility, and moisture conservation. Seedbed preparation and moisture conservation are genuine tillage goals, but raising soil fertility is not something tillage itself does directly, and repeated tillage can even reduce organic matter over years. So this statement is not accepted as fully correct.
Statement (B): Claims tillage raises soil bulk density over the long run. Year after year of ploughing at the same depth presses down the layer just under the tilled zone, building up a compacted plough pan with higher bulk density there. So this long term compaction effect is correct.
Statement (C): Claims tillage improves tilth, aeration and root penetration. Breaking up compact soil into a looser structure is exactly what tillage does in the short term, so this statement is correct.
Statement (D): Claims tillage removes hard pans and increases usable soil depth for water. Deep tillage and subsoiling are used for exactly this purpose, breaking hard pans so water and roots can reach further down. This statement is correct.

Only statement (A) overreaches by crediting tillage with raising soil fertility, so the correct set is (B), (C) and (D) only.

Let's summarize:

Tillage loosens soil and helps tilth, aeration and root growth in the short term.
Repeated tillage at one depth builds a compacted pan below it, raising bulk density there over time.
Deep tillage breaks hard pans, adding usable depth for water.

So option (3), (B), (C) and (D) only, is correct.

Answer 2

Tillage changes the physical condition of soil, and this question checks whether you know which claimed effects are actually true.

Statement (A): Claims tillage's main goals include seedbed preparation, raising soil fertility, and moisture conservation. Seedbed preparation and moisture conservation are genuine tillage goals, but raising soil fertility is not something tillage itself does directly, and repeated tillage can even reduce organic matter over years. So this statement is not accepted as fully correct.
Statement (B): Claims tillage raises soil bulk density over the long run. Year after year of ploughing at the same depth presses down the layer just under the tilled zone, building up a compacted plough pan with higher bulk density there. So this long term compaction effect is correct.
Statement (C): Claims tillage improves tilth, aeration and root penetration. Breaking up compact soil into a looser structure is exactly what tillage does in the short term, so this statement is correct.
Statement (D): Claims tillage removes hard pans and increases usable soil depth for water. Deep tillage and subsoiling are used for exactly this purpose, breaking hard pans so water and roots can reach further down. This statement is correct.

Only statement (A) overreaches by crediting tillage with raising soil fertility, so the correct set is (B), (C) and (D) only.

Let's summarize:

Tillage loosens soil and helps tilth, aeration and root growth in the short term.
Repeated tillage at one depth builds a compacted pan below it, raising bulk density there over time.
Deep tillage breaks hard pans, adding usable depth for water.

So option (3), (B), (C) and (D) only, is correct.

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