Step 1: Introduction to Planting Systems
Planting systems are selected considering factors such as topography, slope, and soil characteristics.
Step 2: Hillside Planting Method
For hilly areas, planting is performed perpendicular to the slope (contour planting) to mitigate soil erosion and enhance moisture retention.
Step 3: Exclusion of Alternative Systems
- Square and rectangular planting methods are appropriate for flat terrains. - The hexagonal system is also employed on plains to maximize land usage. - Only the contour system is suitable for hilly regions.
Step 4: Determination
Consequently, the contour system is the preferred method for hills.
Final Answer: \[\boxed{\text{Fruit orchards on hills are planted using the Contour system.}}\]
Mandarin orange-Fruit Crop
Mandarin oranges (Botanical name - Citrus reticulata, Family - Rutaceae), commonly known as Santra, are the most refreshing and health-promoting juicy fruits. Besides Vitamin C, it is an excellent source of pectin and certain essential oils. The juice is advised to patients. Subtropical and tropical climates are required for the growth of santra. The trees grow luxuriantly in 1.5 m deep well-drained soils free from excess salts and having adequate content of organic matter. The important varieties are Nagpur santra (Maharashtra), Khansi mandarin (Assam), Coorg mandarin (Karnataka), Kinnow (Punjab), Emperor, Hill orange, Mudkhed seedless, and Honey (for kitchen gardening). Santra are commercially propagated by shield or ‘T’ budding on rootstocks like jamberi or rangpur lime. Average yield is 80 to 160 fruits per tree.
| List-I (Vegetable) | List-II (Family) |
| (A) Onion | (I) Cruciferae |
| (B) Carrot | (II) Solanaceae |
| (C) Potato | (III) Umbelliferae |
| (D) Cauliflower | (IV) Liliaceae |