Which of the following method relies least on representative sampling?

Question

Which one of the following methods of reliability examines the performance of a psychological test over time?

Answer 1

Case studies conduct in-depth analysis of one subject or a small group, without using representative sampling.

Characteristics: They offer focused, in-depth exploration of unique situations.
Limitations: Results are not readily generalizable to broader populations.

Conversely:

Surveys: Demand broader, representative samples for findings to be generalized.
Experiments: Frequently employ representative sampling for valid conclusions.
Longitudinal studies: Utilize repeated observations over time with larger, representative samples.

LIST I(Explanation)		LIST II(Forms of Validity)
A	Content Validity	I	Pertains to whether the test appears valid to ex aminees who take it.
B	Concurrent Validity	II	A systematic examination of the test to deter mine whether it covers a representative sample of behaviour.
C	Predictive Validity	III	Validity of a test with another measure map ping the same behaviour.
D	Face Validity	IV	Effectiveness of a test in forecasting an indi vidual’s performance.

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