Question

Which of the following is not evidence for evolution ?

• A. Divergent evolution of anatomical structures such as forelimbs
• B. Convergent evolution of traits like wings of birds and butterflies
• C. Paleontological evidence from fossil records
• D. Embryological support for evolution as proposed by Ernst Heckel

Hint:

• Karl Ernst von Baer's careful observations of vertebrate embryology led to the rejection of the "recapitulation theory," establishing that embryonic stages do not recapitulate adult ancestral forms.

• Homology represents common ancestry with divergent functions, while analogy represents separate ancestries with convergent functions.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understand the question.
We must find the option that is NOT accepted evidence for evolution.
Step 2: Check option 1.
Divergent evolution of homologous structures such as forelimbs of whales, bats and humans is genuine anatomical evidence of a common ancestor. So this is valid evidence.
Step 3: Check option 2.
Convergent evolution of analogous structures like wings of birds and butterflies shows adaptation to similar needs and is valid evidence.
Step 4: Check option 3.
Paleontological evidence from fossils records the actual history and transitions of life, so it is valid evidence too.
Step 5: Check option 4.
Ernst Haeckel proposed that embryos pass through the adult stages of their ancestors. Karl Ernst von Baer disproved this, showing embryos diverge along their own paths. So Haeckel's recapitulation idea is not valid evidence.
Step 6: Conclude.
The embryological support as proposed by Haeckel is the one that is not accepted, so it is the answer.
\[ \boxed{\text{Embryological support for evolution as proposed by Ernst Heckel}} \]