Question:medium

Which of the following elements shows a +4 oxidation state with the given configuration?

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To determine the oxidation state of an element, look at its electron configuration and consider how many electrons can be removed to achieve a stable configuration. Transition metals and lanthanides often show multiple oxidation states.
Updated On: Nov 26, 2025
  • Ce
  • Tb
  • Eu
  • Lu
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The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

The objective is to identify which element among the provided ones exhibits a +4 oxidation state, correlating it with its electron configuration.

Step 1: Electron Configuration Analysis. We examine the listed elements:

Cerium (Ce): Atomic number 58, electron configuration \( [Xe] 4f^1 5d^1 6s^2 \). In a +4 oxidation state, cerium achieves a \( [Xe] \) configuration by losing its 4f and 5d electrons.

Terbium (Tb): Atomic number 65, electron configuration \( [Xe] 4f^9 6s^2 \). While a +4 state would involve electron loss from 4f and 6s orbitals, Tb predominantly displays a +3 oxidation state.

Europium (Eu): Atomic number 63, electron configuration \( [Xe] 4f^7 6s^2 \). Europium commonly exists in +2 and +3 oxidation states, not typically +4.

Lutetium (Lu): Atomic number 71, electron configuration \( [Xe] 4f^{14} 5d^1 6s^2 \). Lutetium typically forms a +3 state by losing its 5d and 6s electrons, and a +4 state is not observed.

Step 2: Conclusion. Based on the electron configuration analysis, Cerium (Ce) is the sole element capable of achieving a +4 oxidation state by shedding its 4f and 5d electrons.

Consequently, the correct answer is \({\text{Ce}} \).

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