Question

Which is the inner transition element of the following?

• A. Eu
• B. Zn
• C. Hg
• D. Sc

Hint:

Remember that inner transition metals are found in the f-block and include the lanthanides and actinides.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

The symbol Eu denotes Europium, categorized as an inner transition element.

Inner transition elements: These elements constitute the f-block of the periodic table, comprising two rows: the lanthanides and actinides. They are collectively termed inner transition metals due to the involvement of f-orbital filling in their electron configurations.

Europium (Eu): Europium is part of the lanthanide series, the first row of inner transition elements, characterized by the filling of the 4f subshell. Europium has an atomic number of 63 and an electron configuration of [Xe] 4f⁷ 6s². It exhibits distinct properties, being one of the few elements capable of existing in both trivalent (Eu³⁺) and divalent (Eu²⁺) states.

Properties of Europium:

• Color: Europium compounds are notably vibrant and are extensively utilized in phosphorescent and fluorescent applications, including red phosphors for color televisions and computer displays.
• Magnetic properties: Europium displays significant magnetic characteristics, especially in its Eu²⁺ form.
• Occurrence: Europium is scarce naturally but is extracted from minerals like monazite and bastnäsite, which also contain other lanthanides.

Lanthanide Series (Inner Transition Elements): This series includes 15 elements, from Lanthanum (La, atomic number 57) to Lutetium (Lu, atomic number 71). They share similar chemical behaviors due to the filling of their 4f orbitals. Europium (Eu), a member of this series, possesses a unique electronic configuration that enables its specialized applications in lighting and chemical analysis.

Conclusion: Europium (Eu) is classified as an inner transition element due to its placement within the lanthanide series, where elements feature the filling of 4f orbitals. Its electronic properties lead to widespread use in advanced technological and luminescent applications.