Question

Which is/are a machinery for settlement of Industrial disputes under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947?
(A). Labour court
(B). Collective Bargaining
(C). Conciliation officer
(D). Board of Conciliation
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. (A), (B), (C)
• B. (B), (C), (D).
• C. (A), (C), (D).
• D. (A), (B), (D)

Hint:

Distinguish between statutory {machinery} (bodies like courts and boards created by a law) and non-statutory {methods} (processes like collective bargaining and arbitration) for dispute resolution. The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, primarily establishes the statutory machinery.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 Overview:
The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, is India's main law for handling industrial disputes. It provides a legal structure and sets up bodies for resolving these issues.

Step 2: Option Analysis:

(A) Labour Court: This court, established by the Act, settles disputes on topics in the Second Schedule (e.g., firing employees, strike legality). Therefore, it's part of the legal framework.
(B) Collective Bargaining: This is a {process} or a {method} where employers and employees negotiate to set working conditions. While key to resolving disputes, it's not a formal 'machinery' {created by the Act} like courts or officers.
(C) Conciliation Officer: This officer, appointed under the Act, mediates and helps settle industrial disputes. Therefore, it's part of the legal framework.
(D) Board of Conciliation: This body, formed under the Act, includes a chairman and members, and helps settle disputes. Therefore, it's part of the legal framework.

Step 3: Correct Machinery Identification:
The Act's formal framework includes Conciliation Officers, Boards of Conciliation, Courts of Inquiry, Labour Courts, Industrial Tribunals, and National Tribunals. Hence, (A), (C), and (D) are correct. Collective Bargaining is a process, not a statutory body.

Step 4: Final Answer:
The correct combination of machinery for settling industrial disputes under the Act is (A), (C), and (D), which corresponds to option (C).