The task is to spot the vector-borne disease that does not occur in India, even though all the options are spread by arthropods.
Dengue is one of the most common Aedes-borne infections in the country, so it is clearly present. West Nile virus circulates in India through Culex mosquitoes and has caused recorded cases. Sandfly fever, carried by Phlebotomus sandflies, is also encountered in India.
Yellow fever is the odd one out. Its endemic belt lies only in sub-Saharan Africa and tropical South America; Asia, including India, has never reported indigenous yellow fever. Interestingly, India does harbour Aedes aegypti, the vector capable of transmitting it, which is exactly why the country demands proof of yellow fever vaccination from travellers arriving from endemic regions to keep it out.
\[\boxed{\text{Yellow fever}}\]