Question

What different types of bonds are formed by chlorine with oxygen in perchloric acid?

• A. 2-single bonds and 2-double bonds
• B. 3-single bonds and 1-double bond
• C. 2-single bonds and 3-double bonds
• D. 1-single bond and 3-double bonds

Hint:

In acids like perchloric acid, chlorine is bonded to oxygen atoms in various bond types (single and double) based on the structure.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the Question:
The question asks for the types and numbers of bonds between chlorine and oxygen in a molecule of perchloric acid.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The molecular formula of perchloric acid is \( \text{HClO}_4 \).
In this molecule, chlorine is the central atom and is in its highest oxidation state, \( +7 \).
The chlorine atom is bonded to four oxygen atoms. One of these oxygen atoms is further bonded to a hydrogen atom (forming an \( -\text{OH} \) group).
To satisfy the valency and minimize formal charges, chlorine forms:
- One single covalent bond with the oxygen atom of the \( -\text{OH} \) group.
- Three double bonds with the remaining three oxygen atoms.
Therefore, the structure involves three \( \text{Cl}=\text{O} \) double bonds and one \( \text{Cl}-\text{O} \) single bond.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Chlorine forms 1-single bond and 3-double bonds with oxygen in perchloric acid.