Visceral larva migrans arises when larvae of nematodes whose natural host is an animal end up in a human, who is an unsuitable accidental host. Unable to complete their life cycle, the larvae wander through internal organs such as the liver, lungs and eye, producing eosinophilia and organ-specific damage. The agent classically responsible is Toxocara canis, the roundworm of dogs; children who ingest embryonated eggs from contaminated soil develop this syndrome. The other listed worms behave differently in humans: Strongyloides stercoralis and Ankylostoma duodenale enter through the skin and establish intestinal infection, and Ascaris lumbricoides is a true human parasite whose larvae undertake a normal pulmonary transit rather than causing aberrant visceral migration. Hence Toxocara canis is the correct choice.
\[\boxed{\text{Toxocara canis}}\]