In Belgium, the French-speaking population initially held advantages in wealth, education, and economic opportunities, while the Dutch-speaking population faced marginalization. Later reforms aimed at equality allowed the Dutch-speaking community to access economic and educational benefits. This context validates Reason (R) as an explanation for Assertion (A).
Conclusion.
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct, and Reason (R) accurately explains Assertion (A), thus making option (A) the correct answer.