Question:easy

Titanium extraction commonly involves

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The Kroll process is highly energy-intensive and operated in batches because the titanium sponge must be vacuum-distilled to remove excess magnesium and magnesium chloride.
Updated On: Jul 3, 2026
  • Kroll process
  • Hall process
  • Bayer process
  • Mond process
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The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

Titanium is awkward to extract because carbon, the usual cheap reducing agent, reacts with it to form a hard carbide instead of freeing clean metal, so a different reductant is needed. Magnesium fills that role: titanium ore is first chlorinated into volatile titanium tetrachloride, which is purified by distillation, and this vapour is then reduced by molten magnesium under an inert argon blanket to leave a spongy mass of titanium metal along with magnesium chloride. Hall's process belongs to aluminium, Bayer's to alumina purification, and Mond's to nickel carbonyl refining, none of which apply here. So the process used for titanium is the Kroll process, option (A).
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