Analyzing the Paragraph:
Option 1: This places Kervran's initial observation about hens first. However, it discusses eggs and their shells before mentioning the hens' behavior (pecking mica), which disrupts the logical flow.
Option 2: This option focuses on hens pecking mica and its disappearance from their gizzards. Introducing the sentence here would shift focus to eggs prematurely, before their relevance is established.
Option 3: This placement follows the discussion of the unsolved mystery of mica and hen behavior. It introduces the mystery of eggs with calcareous shells, linking it to previous observations while maintaining suspense. This builds a logical bridge to Kervran's future research.
Option 4: After presenting unexplained observations about hens and their behavior, this is the most fitting place to introduce the specific observation about eggs with calcareous shells. It naturally leads into Kervran's conclusion about element transmutation in the subsequent sentence.
Therefore, the correct option is (C): Option 4.