The correct answer is option (C):
man.......turns
The correct answer is "man.......turns". This phrase completes the sentence in a way that aligns with the philosophical idea being presented. The sentence is suggesting that the true measure of a civilization isn't based on superficial aspects like population or economy, but on something deeper. The phrase "man...turns" implies that the civilization's true value lies in how it shapes or transforms the individual, that is, the "man". This suggests the impact a society has on the individual and their character.
The other options don't fit the context as effectively:
* "governanc.......brings": While governance is important, it is not what is being tested in the statement. Also, "brings" does not fit grammatically to finish the sentence.
* "resources........takes": This focuses on material wealth, which the sentence explicitly dismisses as the "true test."
* "society, transforms": This is a near miss. While a society transforms things, the sentence is missing an action. Also, "society" does not fit into the first blank.