Question:medium

The relation between the height of the plant (\(y\) cm) with respect to exposure to sunlight is governed by the equation \[ y = 4x - \frac{1}{2} x^2, \] where \(x\) is the number of days exposed to sunlight.
(i) Find the rate of growth of the plant with respect to sunlight.
(ii) In how many days will the plant attain its maximum height? What is the maximum height?

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The maximum or minimum of a function occurs when the first derivative is zero.
Updated On: Jan 13, 2026
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Solution and Explanation

(i) Plant Growth Rate: The rate of plant growth concerning sunlight is determined by the derivative of the height function \(y\) with respect to time \(x\). The height function is defined as: \[ y = 4x - \frac{1}{2} x^2. \] Differentiating \(y\) with respect to \(x\) yields: \[ \frac{dy}{dx} = 4 - x. \] Therefore, the rate of plant growth with respect to sunlight is: \[ \frac{dy}{dx} = 4 - x. \] (ii) Maximum Plant Height: To ascertain the time at which the plant attains its maximum height, we equate the rate of growth \(\frac{dy}{dx}\) to zero: \[ 4 - x = 0 \quad \Rightarrow \quad x = 4. \] Consequently, the plant reaches its maximum height after 4 days. Substituting \(x = 4\) into the height equation provides the maximum height: \[ y = 4(4) - \frac{1}{2} (4)^2 = 16 - 8 = 8 \, \text{cm}. \] The maximum height achieved by the plant is 8 cm.
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