Question

The process that involves mixing waste with cement and other substances before disposal, in order to minimize the risk of toxic substances contained in the wastes migrating into the surface water or ground water is termed as?

• A. Inertization
• B. Incineration
• C. Land disposal
• D. Microwave irradiation

Hint:

Remember the purpose of different waste treatments:

\textbf{Incineration} $\rightarrow$ Destroy and reduce volume (heat).
\textbf{Autoclaving/Microwaving} $\rightarrow$ Disinfect (kill germs).
\textbf{Inertization} $\rightarrow$ Stabilize and contain toxins (mixing/solidifying).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Process analysis. Step 1: The process combines waste (pharmaceutical and chemical) with materials like cement, lime, and water. This solidifies and stabilizes the waste, encapsulating toxic elements to prevent leakage.
Step 2: Option definitions.
Step 2:

Inertization: This matches the described process. It renders waste 'inert' by embedding it in a solid matrix.
Incineration: This high-heat combustion reduces waste volume. It doesn't use cement.
Land disposal: Final waste placement, e.g., in a landfill. Inertization can be a pretreatment step.
Microwave irradiation: This disinfection method uses microwaves to eliminate waste microorganisms. It does not use cement.
Step 3: Process matching.
Step 3: The description accurately represents Inertization.