Step 1: Johnson Counter Basics.
An 8-bit Johnson counter's output frequency is one-half the input frequency.
Step 2: Output Frequency Calculation.
With a given input frequency of 256 GHz, the output frequency is computed as follows: \[\text{Output Frequency} = \frac{\text{Input Frequency}}{2} = \frac{256 \, \text{GHz}}{2} = 128 \, \text{GHz}.\]
Answer: \[\boxed{128 \, \text{GHz}}\]