Each of the four terms in the options is measured in a different kind of unit, and looking at those units tells us directly which one represents a pure quantity of matter.
Weight is measured in newtons, the unit of force, since it is the gravitational pull on an object, not the object's substance itself.
Momentum is measured in kilogram-metres per second, a combined unit that mixes matter content with motion, so it is not a pure measure of matter either.
An impulsive force, like any force, is also measured in newtons, again tied to an interaction rather than to substance.
Mass alone is measured directly in the base SI unit kilogram, the unit built specifically to quantify the amount of matter in an object, independent of gravity, motion, or any interaction. \[ \boxed{\text{Mass}} \]