The genotypes of husband and wife are $ I^A I^B $ and $ I^A I^O $. Among the blood groups of their children, how many different genotypes and phenotypes are possible?

Question

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Answer 1

Step 1: Understanding the Problem:
The ABO blood group system is governed by a single gene (I) with three alleles: $I^A$, $I^B$, and $I^O$ (or $i$). Both $I^A$ and $I^B$ exhibit complete dominance over $I^O$ but are co-dominant when present together.
Step 2: Approach and Formula:
Construct a genetic cross using a Punnett square to systematically determine all possible combinations of offspring genotypes, and then map them to their corresponding phenotypes.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Husband's genotype: $I^A I^B$ $\rightarrow$ produces two types of gametes: $I^A$ and $I^B$.
Wife's genotype: $I^A I^O$ $\rightarrow$ produces two types of gametes: $I^A$ and $I^O$.
Crossing the gametes yields the following offspring combinations:
1. $I^A$ (from husband) + $I^A$ (from wife) = $I^A I^A$
2. $I^A$ (from husband) + $I^O$ (from wife) = $I^A I^O$
3. $I^B$ (from husband) + $I^A$ (from wife) = $I^A I^B$
4. $I^B$ (from husband) + $I^O$ (from wife) = $I^B I^O$
Counting the unique outcomes:
Genotypes formed:
There are 4 distinct genotypes: $I^A I^A$, $I^A I^O$, $I^A I^B$, and $I^B I^O$.
Phenotypes corresponding to these genotypes:
- $I^A I^A$ expresses as Blood Group A.
- $I^A I^O$ expresses as Blood Group A.
- $I^A I^B$ expresses as Blood Group AB.
- $I^B I^O$ expresses as Blood Group B.
Thus, there are 3 distinct phenotypes observed: A, AB, and B.
Step 4: Final Answer:
There are 4 genotypes and 3 phenotypes possible.

The genotypes of husband and wife are \( I^A I^B \) and \( I^A I^O \). Among the blood groups of their children, how many different genotypes and phenotypes are possible?

Show Hint

The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

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