Question

The alpha particles are

• A. high energy electrons
• B. positively charged hydrogen ions
• C. high energy X-ray radiations
• D. double positively charged helium nuclei

Hint:

Memorize the fundamental identities of the three main types of radioactive emissions: - \textbf{Alpha (\(\alpha\)):} Helium nucleus (\({^4_2He^{2+}}\)) - bulky and +2 charge. - \textbf{Beta (\(\beta\)):} Electron (\(e^-\)) - tiny and -1 charge. - \textbf{Gamma (\(\gamma\)):} Photon - massless and no charge.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Alpha Particle Basics:
Alpha particles (\(\alpha\)), emitted during alpha decay, are a form of ionizing radiation. Their composition is well-understood in nuclear physics.
Step 2: Alpha Particle Composition:
An alpha particle is the same as a helium-4 nucleus.
A helium-4 nucleus (\(^4_2He\)) has 2 protons and 2 neutrons.
The 2 protons give it a +2 charge. The helium atom's electrons are not part of the alpha particle.
Thus, an alpha particle is a doubly positively charged helium nucleus.
Let's examine the options:
High energy electrons are beta particles (\(\beta^-\)).
Positively charged hydrogen ions are protons (\(p^+\)).
High energy X-rays are high-energy photons (electromagnetic radiation), not particles.
A doubly positively charged helium nucleus accurately describes an alpha particle.
Step 3: Conclusion:
Alpha particles are best described as doubly positively charged helium nuclei.