Question

Technique to alter the chemistry of genetic materials, DNA and RNA, to introduce these into host organism and change the phenotype of the host is

• A. Bioprocess engineering
• B. Cloning
• C. Genetic engineering
• D. Transformation

Hint:

Biotechnology has two core principles: Genetic Engineering (altering DNA/RNA) and Bioprocess Engineering (maintaining sterile environments for mass production).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Problem:
Modern biotechnology is founded upon two core techniques: Genetic engineering and Bioprocess engineering.
Step 2: Approach and Formula:
Match the provided definition exactly with the textbook definitions of the core principles of biotechnology.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
- Bioprocess engineering: The maintenance of sterile (microbial contamination-free) environments to enable the growth of only desired microbes or eukaryotic cells in large quantities for the manufacture of biotechnological products like vaccines, enzymes, etc.
- Genetic engineering: This refers to the specific techniques utilized to physically alter the chemistry of genetic material (DNA and RNA). The altered genetic material is then introduced into a host organism, which consequently changes the phenotype of that host organism.
- While "Transformation" is a step in this process, "Genetic engineering" is the broad foundational technique that encompasses altering the DNA chemistry itself.
Step 4: Final Answer:
The described technique is Genetic engineering.