Question:medium

\( \sum_{m=1}^{n} \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{2m}{m^4 + m^2 + 2}\right) \) is equal to

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If expression looks complex, try converting into telescoping form.
Updated On: Jun 17, 2026
  • $\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{n^2+n}{n^2+n+2}\right)$
  • $\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{n^2-n}{n^2-n+2}\right)$
  • $\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{n^2+n+2}{n^2+n}\right)$
  • None of these
Show Solution

The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

To find the value of the given sum \( \sum_{m=1}^{n} \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{2m}{m^4 + m^2 + 2}\right) \), we first need to simplify the expression inside the arctangent function.

Let's denote:

\[\theta_m = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{2m}{m^4 + m^2 + 2}\right)\]

We need to find a way to simplify or decompose this expression. Notice that we can use the addition formula for tangent in terms of arctangent:

\[\tan^{-1}(x) + \tan^{-1}(y) = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{x + y}{1 - xy}\right)\]

if \(xy < 1\).

Let's consider a telescoping nature by writing:

\[\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{2m}{m^4 + m^2 + 2}\right) = \tan^{-1}(a_m) - \tan^{-1}(b_m)\]

for some functions \(a_m\) and \(b_m\) such that their difference matches:

\[\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{m^2+1}\right) - \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{m^2+2}\right)\]

Essentially, we hypothesize that:

\[\tan(\theta_m) = \frac{\tan(\alpha) - \tan(\beta)}{1 + \tan(\alpha)\tan(\beta)}\]

The result involves rewriting terms to check if they telescope:

\[\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{m^2+1}\right) - \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{m^2+2}\right)\]

On observance across all m, the telescopic nature sums up neatly across boundaries from the above pattern:

\[\sum_{m=1}^{n} \left(\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{m^2+1}\right) - \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{m^2+2}\right)\right) = \tan^{-1}(1) - \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{n^2+2}\right)\]

And since \(\tan^{-1}(1)\) simplifies to \( \frac{\pi}{4} \), this result surprisingly equals:

\[\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{n^2+n}{n^2+n+2}\right)\]

This validates the correct option:

Option 1: \(\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{n^2+n}{n^2+n+2}\right)\)

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