Step 1 : Understanding the Question
The question asks us to verify two specific data points related to "Population Density" from the 2011 Census of India. Population density measures the average number of people living per square kilometer of land area. Statement I refers to the national average, while Statement II refers to the state with the lowest concentration of people. These metrics are crucial for understanding the pressure on land resources across the country.
Step 2 : Detailed Explanation
National Population Density (Statement I): Population density is calculated by dividing the total population by the total land area. According to the Census of India 2011, the national average was 382 persons per sq km. This was a significant jump from 325 in 2001. Therefore, Statement I is correct.
State with Lowest Density (Statement II): Density varies wildly across states due to terrain, climate, and economic development. Arunachal Pradesh, with its vast mountainous terrain, dense forests, and remote location, has the least concentration of people.
Arunachal Pradesh Figure: The 2011 Census recorded only 17 persons per square kilometer in Arunachal Pradesh. This is extremely low compared to states like Bihar, which has over 1,100 persons per sq km. Therefore, Statement II is correct.
Context of Density: High density (like in the North Indian plains) is usually supported by fertile soil and water, whereas low density (like in Arunachal) is the result of difficult physical environments that limit large-scale settlement.
Accuracy Assessment: Both the national figure provided and the specific state extreme provided are accurate representations of the official 2011 Census data.
Step 3 : Final Answer
Since the national average is indeed 382 and Arunachal Pradesh's density is indeed 17, both statements are factually correct. Option A is the right choice.