Question:medium

Statement: A recent study found that students who sleep at least 7 hours a night tend to score higher on exams than those who sleep less. Conclusions: I. Adequate sleep may have a positive effect on exam performance. II. Students who sleep less than 7 hours always fail their exams.

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Compare how strongly each conclusion is worded against how strongly the statement is worded - watch for absolute words that go beyond a simple tendency.
Updated On: Jul 8, 2026
  • Only conclusion I follows
  • Only conclusion II follows
  • Both conclusions follow
  • Neither conclusion follows
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The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: A valid conclusion must follow directly from the statement alone, without adding outside claims or overstating the evidence.
Step 2: Check conclusion II first: it says students who sleep less than 7 hours "always fail" their exams. The statement only reports a tendency - more sleep is linked with higher scores - it never mentions failing at all. "Always fail" is an absolute claim the data does not support, so II does not follow.
Step 3: Check conclusion I: it says adequate sleep "may have a positive effect" on exam performance. This is a cautious, hedged claim that stays within exactly what a link between sleep and scores supports, without overreaching.
Step 4: Only I passes the strict-derivation test.
Correct option: (1) Only conclusion I follows.
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