- Shifting cultivation (i) causes deforestation and soil degradation, rendering the land unsuitable for agriculture over time, leading to unusable wastelands.
- Coastal plains (ii) are fertile and typically unaffected by human activity to the point of becoming wastelands. Thus, option (A) is incorrect.
- Degraded pastures (iii), due to overgrazing or poor management, experience soil erosion, making them unsuitable for agriculture. Therefore, (iii) is a component of the correct answer.
- Bhabar areas (iv), alluvial deposits near the Himalayas, are not typically made unfit for agriculture by human activities. Consequently, option (B) is incorrect.
The correct answer is (D) Both i and iii.