Question:medium

Soil acidity can be introduced by \(\underline{\hspace{1cm}}\).
A. Mine tailings rich in pyrites
B. Extraction of Al from its ore
C. Use of nitrogen-rich fertilizers
D. Use of limestone

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To remember causes of soil acidity, think: - Acid Rain: From industrial pollutants (SOx, NOx). - Mining: Oxidation of sulfides like pyrite. - Fertilizers: Nitrification of ammonium. Limestone (lime) is the cure, not the cause.
Updated On: Feb 18, 2026
  • A, B and D only
  • A and C only
  • A, B and C only
  • A, B, C and D
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The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Analyzing Statement A. Pyrite (\(FeS_2\)), a sulfide mineral, oxidizes in air and water, forming sulfuric acid (\(H_2SO_4\)). This process, acid mine drainage, increases soil and water acidity. Statement A causes acidity.

Step 2: Analyzing Statement B. The aluminum extraction process (Bayer process) uses hot sodium hydroxide (a strong base) to digest bauxite ore. The waste, red mud, is alkaline, not acidic. Statement B does not cause acidity.

Step 3: Analyzing Statement C. Ammonium-based nitrogen fertilizers can cause soil acidity via nitrification. Soil bacteria convert ammonium (\(NH_4^+\)) to nitrate (\(NO_3^-\)), releasing hydrogen ions (\(H^+\)), thus lowering soil pH. Statement C causes acidity.

Step 4: Analyzing Statement D. Limestone, calcium carbonate (\(CaCO_3\)), is an alkaline material used to neutralize soil acidity by reacting with \(H^+\) ions. It treats acidity, not causes it. Statement D does not cause acidity.

Conclusion: Statements A and C cause soil acidity.
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