Question

Select the correct statements regarding menstrual cycle in human female:
• [(A)] The first menstruation begins at puberty and is called menopause.
• [(B)] The ovulation takes place in the middle of cycle (about \(14^{\text{th}}\) day), when the level of progesterone is at maximum level.
• [(C)] In absence of fertilisation, the corpus luteum degenerates which causes the disintegration of endometrium leading to menstruation.
• [(D)] In human beings, menstrual cycle ceases around \(50\) years of age. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. \((A)\ \text{and}\ (B)\ \text{only}\)
• B. \((B)\ \text{and}\ (D)\ \text{only}\)
• C. \((A)\ \text{and}\ (C)\ \text{only}\)
• D. \((C)\ \text{and}\ (D)\ \text{only}\)

Hint:

\[ \text{Menarche} \rightarrow \text{Beginning of menstruation} \] \[ \text{Menopause} \rightarrow \text{Permanent cessation of menstruation} \]

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The menstrual cycle is a series of regular natural changes that occur in the female reproductive system to make pregnancy possible.
It involves the cycle of follicular development, ovulation, and changes in the uterine lining controlled by pituitary and ovarian hormones.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let's analyze each statement:
Statement (A): The first menstrual period at puberty is called menarche. Menopause is the permanent cessation of the menstrual cycle that occurs later in life. Thus, (A) is incorrect.
Statement (B): While ovulation typically occurs around the 14\(^{th}\) day of a 28-day cycle, it is triggered by an LH surge. Progesterone levels are low at ovulation; they only reach their maximum level during the luteal phase (days 15-28) when the corpus luteum is formed. Thus, (B) is incorrect.
Statement (C): If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum (which produces progesterone) degenerates into the corpus albicans. This lead to a sharp decline in progesterone levels. Without progesterone to maintain it, the endometrium breaks down and sheds, resulting in menstruation. Thus, (C) is correct.
Statement (D): Menopause, the stage when the menstrual cycle stops permanently, generally occurs in human females around the age of 45-55, with 50 years being the average reference. Thus, (D) is correct.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Based on the analysis:
Correct statements are (C) and (D).
This combination is found in option (D).
Step 4: Final Answer:
The correct answer is (D).