Step 1: Read the case carefully.
Renew Ltd. set a target to increase market share from 70% to 80%. Suddenly, the government introduced incentives for electric vehicle manufacturing, attracting many new competitors. This change was so sudden that Renew could not assess future trends accurately, and its market share fell to 55%.
Step 2: Identify the core problem highlighted in the case.
The company had a plan in place, but an unexpected and sudden change in the external business environment (government incentives bringing new players) made the plan ineffective. The company could not predict or anticipate this rapid change.
Step 3: Recall the limitations of planning.
Common limitations include: Planning may not work in a dynamic environment, Planning leads to rigidity, Planning does not guarantee success, and Planning involves huge costs.
Step 4: Evaluate option (A): Planning may not work in a dynamic environment.
A dynamic environment is one that changes rapidly and unpredictably. In such conditions, a plan made based on current assumptions can quickly become outdated. This is exactly what happened to Renew Ltd., where the environment shifted suddenly and unexpectedly, making their plan fail. This matches perfectly.
Step 5: Evaluate the other options.
Option (B) (Planning leads to rigidity) is about managers sticking too strictly to plans even when minor deviations might be beneficial. The case does not describe this. Option (C) (Planning does not guarantee success) is a general limitation but does not specifically point to the rapid environmental change as the reason. Option (D) (Planning involves huge costs) is about financial expenses of the planning process, not at all relevant here.
Step 6: Conclude.
The case specifically highlights that the sudden, unpredictable change in the business environment rendered the company's plan useless, which is the limitation that planning may not work in a dynamic environment.
\[ \boxed{ \text{(A) Planning may not work in a dynamic environment} } \]