Question

Read the given source carefully and answer the questions that follow:

Harappan Settlements

So far, more than 2000 Harappan archaeological sites have been discovered in the Indian sub-continent. Most of the sites are found located between the Indus and the Saraswati River basins. Nearly two-thirds of these settlements are in the Saraswati basin, suggesting its immense importance for the Harappan Civilisation. Among these, five major cities have been identified. These are Rakhigarhi, Mohenjodaro, Harappa, Dholavira and Ganweriwala. The remaining sites come under different categories such as Regional Centres, agricultural villages, ports and manufacturing centres.

Examine the role of rivers in sustaining the Harappan settlements.

Hint:

The role of rivers in early civilizations cannot be overstated—they were essential for both sustenance and trade, which helped maintain and expand settlements like those of the Harappans.

Answer 1

Rivers were essential for Harappan settlements, supplying water for agriculture, drinking, and sanitation. The Saraswati and Indus rivers were crucial for irrigation, enabling the cultivation of diverse crops. Rivers also supported trade and transportation, facilitating long-distance movement of goods. Furthermore, rivers contributed to ecological balance by supporting varied flora and fauna, which underpinned the Harappan economy and society.