Comprehension
Read the following passage and answer the questions given below:
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed human life with innovations ranging from personalized recommendations to breakthroughs in healthcare and education. Despite these advances, experts warn about AI’s potential destructiveness if left unchecked. Au- tonomous systems, such as self-driving cars, could cause accidents due to unforeseen errors. Additionally, AI-powered surveillance systems pose risks to privacy and civil liberties, as governments and corporations might misuse them to monitor individuals. 
One of the gravest concerns is the development of autonomous weapons, which could make life-and-death decisions without human oversight, leading to ethical dilemmas and potential large-scale harm. Furthermore, AI systems can perpetuate biases, resulting in unfair outcomes in hiring, credit allocation, and judicial decisions. 
Efforts to address these concerns include the formulation of ethical guidelines, the promotion of transparency in AI systems, and the regulation of AI applications. Collab- oration between policymakers, technologists, and ethicists is crucial to ensure AI remains a force for good. However, as AI continues to evolve rapidly, striking a balance between innovation and responsibility remains an ongoing challenge.
Question: 1

What is one of the primary risks of AI-powered surveillance systems, according to the passage?

Updated On: Mar 23, 2026
  • They fail to track individuals effectively.
  • They lead to reduced innovation in technology.
  • They pose risks to privacy and civil liberties.
  • They improve decision-making in legal systems.
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The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

One primary risk of AI-powered surveillance systems, as stated in the passage, is the threat to privacy and civil liberties. Although AI systems offer significant technological advancements, their misuse can lead to negative consequences. For instance, AI surveillance could allow governments and corporations to monitor individuals, compromising personal privacy and eroding civil freedoms. This concern for privacy and civil liberties is a key issue highlighted, matching the provided answer: They pose risks to privacy and civil liberties.
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Question: 2

Which of the following is described as a potential ethical dilemma related to autonomous weapons?

Updated On: Jan 13, 2026
  • Their inability to operate autonomously.
  • Their use in reducing military casualties.
  • Their ability to make life-and-death decisions without human oversight.
  • Their role in ensuring global stability.
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The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

The correct answer to the ethical dilemma concerning autonomous weapons is:

Their ability to make life-and-death decisions without human oversight.

Explanation: The passage identifies several risks of AI, with a significant concern being autonomous weapons. These AI-powered weapons could make life-and-death decisions independently, posing serious ethical challenges.
The text discusses various threats from autonomous technologies, such as potential misuse in surveillance, the reinforcement of biases, and weapons systems making decisions without checks. Considering the options provided:

  • Their inability to operate autonomously: This is not the main ethical issue in the passage. The concern is about too much autonomy, not a lack of it.
  • Their use in reducing military casualties: This is presented as a potential benefit, not an ethical dilemma.
  • Their ability to make life-and-death decisions without human oversight: This is the central ethical concern raised. Such independent decision-making raises questions about accountability, unpredictable consequences, and moral responsibility.
  • Their role in ensuring global stability: This is unrelated to the ethical dilemmas discussed.

The passage stresses the importance of ethical guidelines, transparency, and effective regulation to address the evolving challenges of AI, especially with autonomous weapons, where the ethical implications are profound and complex.

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Question: 3

What does the passage suggest as a key strategy to address AI’s destructive potential?

Updated On: Jan 13, 2026
  • Reducing collaboration among technologists and policymakers.
  • Prioritizing innovation over regulation.
  • Developing ethical guidelines and promoting transparency.
  • Encouraging rapid deployment of AI technologies.
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The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

The passage discusses the significant impact of AI, covering its advantages and potential dangers. It points out risks such as accidental harm from autonomous systems, privacy violations via surveillance, ethical issues with autonomous weapons, and the reinforcement of biases. Proactive measures are needed due to AI's rapid development, balancing innovation with safety. A key strategy to manage AI's risks is to focus on creating ethical guidelines and fostering transparency. These steps, alongside regulation and cooperation between policymakers, technologists, and ethicists, are vital for ensuring AI benefits society while reducing its dangers. Therefore, the recommended approach is "Developing ethical guidelines and promoting transparency."
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Question: 4

What challenge does the passage highlight regarding AI’s rapid evolution?

Updated On: Mar 23, 2026
  • It hampers collaborative efforts among stakeholders.
  • It creates a lack of trust among technologists.
  • It makes balancing innovation with responsibility difficult.
  • It prevents policymakers from formulating ethical standards.
Show Solution

The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

The passage addresses the rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the difficulty in balancing innovation with responsibility. It points out several risks: autonomous systems like self-driving cars and surveillance tech being misused, ethical concerns with autonomous weapons, and the amplification of biases leading to unfair results. These highlight the need for ethical rules and cooperation between policymakers, technologists, and ethicists. The passage concludes that as AI advances quickly, achieving a balance between innovation and ethical responsibility is an ongoing and crucial challenge. Therefore, the challenge the passage emphasizes is: Balancing innovation with responsibility is difficult.
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Question: 5

Which of the following is an example of bias perpetuated by AI systems, as mentioned in the passage?

Updated On: Jan 13, 2026
  • Errors in self-driving cars causing accidents.
  • Unfair outcomes in hiring and credit allocation.
  • Development of unethical autonomous weapons.
  • Misuse of AI in policymaking.
Show Solution

The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

This question requires identifying an example of AI bias, as described in the provided passage. Let's examine the options:

  • Self-driving car accidents: These are due to unexpected errors, not bias.
  • Discriminatory results in hiring and loan applications: The passage clearly indicates that AI can create biases leading to unfairness in these areas.
  • Creating unethical autonomous weapons: This concerns ethical issues, not specifically AI bias.
  • Improper use of AI in creating policies: This refers to misuse, not bias.

According to the passage, the correct example of AI bias is discriminatory results in hiring and loan applications.

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Top Questions on Reading Comprehension

Questions Asked in CAT exam

The passage given below is followed by four summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage.
In the dynamic realm of creativity, artists often find themselves at the crossroads between drawing inspiration from diverse cultures and inadvertently crossing into the territory of cultural appropriation. Inspiration is the lifeblood of creativity, driving artists to create works that resonate across borders. In a globalized era of the modern world, artists draw from a vast array of cultural influences. When approached respectfully, inspiration becomes a bridge, fostering understanding and appreciation of cultural diversity. However, the line between inspiration and cultural appropriation can be thin and easily blurred.
Cultural appropriation occurs when elements from a particular culture are borrowed without proper understanding, respect, or acknowledgment. This leads to the commodification of sacred symbols, the reinforcement of stereotypes, and the erasure of the cultural context from which these elements originated. It is essential to recognize that the impact of cultural appropriation extends beyond the realm of artistic expression, influencing societal perceptions and perpetuating power imbalances.
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