Question

Process of conversion of dead vegetation into coal is called

• A. Hydrogenation
• B. Calcination
• C. Carbonisation
• D. Oxidation

Hint:

Remember: Carbonisation = conversion of organic matter (dead plants) to coal (rich in carbon) under heat and pressure over geological time. The stages of coal formation in order of increasing carbon content are: Peat $\rightarrow$ Lignite $\rightarrow$ Bituminous coal $\rightarrow$ Anthracite. Anthracite has the highest carbon content ($\approx$92--98%) and highest calorific value.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understand the process.
The question is about dead plants slowly changing into coal. We must name this process.

Step 2: How coal forms.
Long ago, dead trees and plants got buried under mud and rock. Over millions of years, heat and pressure pressed on them, and air was cut off.

Step 3: What carbon does.
Under this heat and pressure, the plant matter slowly lost water and gases and became richer and richer in carbon. The final dark solid is coal.

Step 4: Name the process.
Turning buried dead vegetation into carbon rich coal is called carbonisation. It is also known as coalification.

Step 5: Rule out the others.
Hydrogenation means adding hydrogen. Calcination means strong heating of ores. Oxidation means reaction with oxygen. None of these describes coal formation.

Step 6: Conclude.
The change of dead vegetation into coal is carbonisation.
\[ \boxed{\text{Carbonisation}} \]