Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Hemoglobin (Hb) is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen. Its concentration varies by age and gender due to hormonal and physiological differences.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
1. Adult Males: The standard reference range for healthy adult males is generally accepted as 13.5 to 17.5 g/dL. This higher range in males is largely due to the stimulatory effect of androgens (testosterone) on erythropoiesis (RBC production).
2. Adult Females: The range is slightly lower, typically 12.0 to 15.5 g/dL.
3. Clinical Significance: Values below 13 g/dL in males are usually diagnosed as anemia, while values above 18 g/dL may indicate polycythemia.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The average physiological range for an adult male matches option (C), 13–17 g/dL.