Question:hard
No national productivity measures are available for underground industries that may exist but remain unreported. On the other hand, at least some industries that are run entirely by self-employed industrialists are included in national productivity measures. From the information given above, it can be validly concluded that
No national productivity measures are available for underground industries that may exist but remain unreported. On the other hand, at least some industries that are run entirely by self-employed industrialists are included in national productivity measures. From the information given above, it can be validly concluded that
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Having a productivity measure means “not underground”; some self-employed industries have one, so some of them are not underground.
Updated On: Jul 15, 2026
- there are at least some industries run entirely by self-employed industrialists that are underground industries
- no industries that are run entirely by self-employed industrialists operate underground
- there are at least some industries other than those run entirely by self-employed industrialists that are underground industries
- there are at least some industries run entirely by self-employed industrialists that are not underground industries
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Formal reasoning questions like this are safest when translated into simple set logic before picking an answer.
- Statement 1 says: underground industries ⊆ industries with no productivity measure. Equivalently, having a productivity measure means you are not underground.
- Statement 2 says: some self-employed-run industries ⊆ industries with a productivity measure.
- Combining these two facts (the classic “some A are B, all B are not C, so some A are not C” pattern), we can validly say: some self-employed-run industries are not underground.
Checking the options against this exact derived statement: the claim that some self-employed industries ARE underground reverses the logic and is wrong; the claim that NO self-employed industries are underground overreaches beyond “at least some”; the claim about industries outside the self-employed category is simply not addressed by the passage at all. Only the statement that some self-employed-run industries are not underground matches exactly.
So the correct answer is option D.
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