Question

Monoclonal antibodies can be employed for
(A). Early detection of cancers
(B). Clear detection of pathogens
(C). Classification of blood group
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. (A), (B) and (C).
• B. (A) and (B) only.
• C. (A) only.
• D. (B) only.

Hint:

The key feature of monoclonal antibodies is their high specificity for a single target (epitope). This makes them ideal for any application that requires distinguishing one molecule from another, which is the basis for most modern diagnostic tests.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Introduction to Monoclonal Antibodies:
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are lab-created molecules designed to act as replacement antibodies. They are specific, binding to a single epitope (a specific part of an antigen). This high specificity makes them valuable in diagnostics, research, and treatment.
Step 2: Application Details:
Let's review the proposed uses:
(A) Early Cancer Detection: mAbs can target tumor-associated antigens (proteins on cancer cells). Labeled with radioisotopes for imaging (e.g., PET scans) or used in lab tests (e.g., ELISA) to find cancer markers in blood, assisting in early diagnosis. This statement is accurate.
(B) Pathogen Detection: mAbs' specificity allows precise detection of antigens from viruses, bacteria, or other pathogens. This is the basis of rapid tests for influenza, HIV, SARS-CoV-2, and even home pregnancy tests (detecting the hCG hormone, acting as an antigen). This statement is accurate.
(C) Blood Group Classification: Standard blood typing (ABO and Rh systems) uses antibodies to recognize A, B, and RhD antigens on red blood cells. Modern reagents use specific mAbs (e.g., anti-A, anti-B, anti-D) to cause red blood cell clumping (agglutination), enabling blood group classification. This statement is accurate.
Step 3: Conclusion:
All three applications—early cancer detection, pathogen detection, and blood group classification—are key uses of monoclonal antibodies. Thus, all three statements (A), (B), and (C) are correct.