L, C and R are connected in series to an a.c. source. Which one of the following is true? Phase relation between current and voltage is such that ______.
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Memorize the acronym ELI the ICE man:
E L I: In an Inductor (L), voltage (EMF) leads current (I).
I C E: In a Capacitor (C), current (I) leads voltage (EMF).
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
In an AC circuit:
1. In a Resistor ($R$), voltage and current are in phase.
2. In an Inductor ($L$), voltage leads current by $90^\circ$ (out of phase).
3. In a Capacitor ($C$), current leads voltage by $90^\circ$ (out of phase). Step 2: Formula Application:
Phase difference ($\phi$) in $R$ is $0^\circ$.
Phase difference ($\phi$) in $L$ and $C$ is $90^\circ$ ($\pi/2$ radians). Step 3: Explanation:
Option (a) is false because they are in phase in $R$.
Options (b) and (c) are false because they are out of phase in both reactive components.
Option (d) is true as both $L$ and $C$ cause a $90^\circ$ phase shift. Step 4: Final Answer:
The correct statement is that they are out of phase in both 'C' and 'L'.