Question

In which Buddhist tradition, the Niḥsvabhāvata has been accepted?

• A. In Sautrāntika tradition
• B. In Vaibhāṣika tradition
• C. In Yogācāra tradition
• D. In Mādhymika tradition

Hint:

Nāgārjuna = Niḥsvabhāvata (No-self-nature) = Mādhymika school’s core idea.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Meaning of Niḥsvabhāvata.
Niḥsvabhāvata means "emptiness of inherent nature" or "absence of intrinsic existence." It is a fundamental principle of Buddhist philosophy that asserts all phenomena are devoid of an independent self or essence.
Step 2: Nāgārjuna and Mādhymika.
Nāgārjuna established the Madhyamaka school, emphasizing śūnyavāda (emptiness) and pratītyasamutpāda (dependent origination). He argued that all phenomena arise dependently, thus lacking inherent existence. This is the doctrine of Niḥsvabhāvata.
Step 3: Yogācāra difference.
The Yogācāra school prioritizes "Vijñaptimātratā" (consciousness-only). However, the complete doctrine of "Niḥsvabhāvata" is primarily associated with Madhyamaka.
Step 4: Options analysis.
- Sautrāntika: Accepts only Sutra as valid, not Niḥsvabhāvata.
- Vaibhāṣika: A substantialist school that accepts inherent existence (svabhāva).
- Yogācāra: Consciousness-only; not the pure doctrine of Niḥsvabhāvata.
- Mādhymika: Correct; Niḥsvabhāvata is the core principle of Madhyamaka.
Step 5: Conclusion.
Niḥsvabhāvata is accepted within the Madhyamaka tradition.