Following fertilization in flowering plants (angiosperms), the ovary differentiates into the fruit. This ovary, a component of the pistil, encloses one or more ovules. Post-fertilization, the ovule transforms into the seed, and the ovary wall undergoes maturation and thickening to form the fruit. The fruit's primary functions are to safeguard the seeds and facilitate their dispersal. Fruits can be categorized as fleshy (e.g., mango) or dry (e.g., pea pod), based on the plant species.
The functions of associated structures are as follows:
- Ovule: Post-fertilization, it develops into the seed, containing the embryo and endosperm.
- Anther: As a part of the stamen, it generates pollen grains (male gametes); it is not implicated in fruit development.
- Stigma: A component of the pistil, it receives pollen during pollination; it does not develop into the fruit.
Consequently, the ovary is the structure that develops into the fruit after fertilization.