If the percentage error in the radius of a circle is 3, then the percentage error in its area is
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For any formula of the form $Z = kX^aY^bZ^c$, the maximum percentage error in $Z$ is given by the sum of the percentage errors in its components, each multiplied by the magnitude of its exponent: $%Z = |a|(%X) + |b|(%Y) + |c|(%Z)$.