Question:medium

The range of the real valued function \( f(x)=\sin ^{-1}\left(\sqrt{x^{2}+x+1}\right) \) is

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Before finding the range of functions involving inverse trigonometric expressions, always verify that the argument satisfies the domain condition \( -1 \le \text{argument} \le 1 \). This restriction often determines the possible values of the function.
Updated On: Mar 30, 2026
  • \( \left[-\frac{\pi}{2}, \frac{\pi}{2}\right] \)
  • \( \left[0, \frac{\pi}{2}\right] \)
  • \( \left[\frac{\pi}{6}, \frac{\pi}{2}\right] \)
  • \( \left[\frac{\pi}{3}, \frac{\pi}{2}\right] \)
Show Solution

The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The function is composed of an inverse sine function and a quadratic expression under a square root. We must first ensure the argument of \( \sin^{-1} \) is within its domain \( [-1, 1] \), and then determine the range of valid outputs.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
1. Domain of \( \sin^{-1}(u) \) is \( u \in [-1, 1] \).
2. Minimum value of quadratic \( ax^2+bx+c \) (where \( a\textgreater0 \)) occurs at \( x = -b/2a \).
3. Range of \( \sin^{-1}u \) is increasing with \( u \).
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Let \( u = \sqrt{x^2+x+1} \).
For \( f(x) \) to be defined, we need \( -1 \le u \le 1 \). Since \( u \) is a square root, \( u \ge 0 \). Thus, we require: \[ 0 \le \sqrt{x^2+x+1} \le 1 \] Squaring the inequality: \[ 0 \le x^2+x+1 \le 1 \] First, let's find the minimum value of the expression inside the root, \( g(x) = x^2+x+1 \).
Completing the square: \[ x^2+x+1 = \left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2 + \frac{3}{4} \] The minimum value is \( \frac{3}{4} \) at \( x = -\frac{1}{2} \).
So, the minimum value of \( u = \sqrt{x^2+x+1} \) is \( \sqrt{\frac{3}{4}} = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \).
Combining this with the upper bound required for the domain of \( \sin^{-1} \): \[ \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \le \sqrt{x^2+x+1} \le 1 \] So, the valid range of the argument for the \( \sin^{-1} \) function is \( \left[ \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}, 1 \right] \).
Now, we map this interval through \( \sin^{-1} \). Since \( \sin^{-1} \) is strictly increasing: \[ \sin^{-1}\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right) \le f(x) \le \sin^{-1}(1) \] Using standard trigonometric values: \[ \frac{\pi}{3} \le f(x) \le \frac{\pi}{2} \]
Step 4: Final Answer:
The range of the function is \( \left[\frac{\pi}{3}, \frac{\pi}{2}\right] \).
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