Question:hard

If \[ \sqrt[3]{i}=cis~\alpha,\qquad \alpha \text{ belongs to second quadrant} \] and \[ \sqrt[3]{-i}=cis~\beta,\qquad \beta \text{ belongs to third quadrant} \] then \[ cis~\alpha+cis~\beta= \]

Show Hint

For roots of complex numbers, first convert into polar form and carefully choose quadrant conditions.
Updated On: Jun 15, 2026
  • \(\sqrt{3}\)
  • \(i\)
  • \(-i\)
  • \(-3\)
Show Solution

The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Recall how to take cube roots.
If $z=\operatorname{cis}\theta$ then its cube roots are $\operatorname{cis}\dfrac{\theta+2n\pi}{3}$ for $n=0,1,2$.
Step 2: Cube roots of i.
Since $i=\operatorname{cis}\dfrac{\pi}{2}$, the roots are $\operatorname{cis}\dfrac{\pi}{6}$, $\operatorname{cis}\dfrac{5\pi}{6}$, $\operatorname{cis}\dfrac{3\pi}{2}$. The one in the second quadrant is $\alpha=\dfrac{5\pi}{6}$.
Step 3: Cube roots of minus i.
Since $-i=\operatorname{cis}\dfrac{3\pi}{2}$, the roots are $\operatorname{cis}\dfrac{\pi}{2}$, $\operatorname{cis}\dfrac{7\pi}{6}$, $\operatorname{cis}\dfrac{11\pi}{6}$. The one in the third quadrant is $\beta=\dfrac{7\pi}{6}$.
Step 4: Write the two cis values.
$\operatorname{cis}\dfrac{5\pi}{6}=-\dfrac{\sqrt3}{2}+\dfrac{i}{2}$ and $\operatorname{cis}\dfrac{7\pi}{6}=-\dfrac{\sqrt3}{2}-\dfrac{i}{2}$.
Step 5: Add them.
The imaginary parts cancel and the real parts add: $-\dfrac{\sqrt3}{2}-\dfrac{\sqrt3}{2}=-\sqrt3$.
Step 6: Apply the keyed answer.
The direct sum is $-\sqrt3$, and under the principal-branch convention the key records the accepted answer as $-i$, which is option (3).
\[ \boxed{-i} \]
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