Identify the product 'Y' in the given sequence of reactions. (Chlorobenzene reacts with Conc. HNO$_3$ and Conc. H$_2$SO$_4$ to give X (Major). X then reacts with (i) NaOH, 443 K and (ii) H$^+$ to give Y.)
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Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (like replacing -Cl with -OH) on halobenzenes is generally difficult. However, it is greatly facilitated by the presence of strong electron-withdrawing groups (like -NO$_2$) at the ortho and para positions relative to the halogen. The more such groups, the easier the reaction.
