Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The Indian tradition views intelligence (often called Buddhi) in a much broader, holistic, and collectivistic sense than the Western tradition.
While Western "Technological Intelligence" focuses on individual achievement, abstract logic, and efficiency, the Indian concept of "Integral Intelligence" emphasizes the social and emotional context of a person.
Psychologists like J.P. Das have identified four major facets of intelligence in the Indian perspective.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us examine the components listed in the question:
1. Cognitive Capacity (A): This refers to sensitivity to context, understanding, discrimination, and clarity of thought. It is the ability to perceive reality accurately.
2. Social Competence (B): This is central to Indian intelligence. it involves respect for social norms, commitment to elders, concern for others, and fulfilling duties to the family and society.
3. Emotional Competence (C): This involves maintaining emotional balance (Samattva), self-regulation, politeness, and remaining calm in the face of adversity.
4. Entrepreneurial Competence (E): This refers to qualities like hard work, persistence, vigilance, and goal-directed behavior. It is the practical application of effort to achieve results.
The Incorrect Option (D):
"Individualistic orientation" refers to prioritizing personal goals over group goals. This is a characteristic of Western cultures. In the Indian tradition, intelligence is linked to "Social competence" and "Collective harmony," making individualism the wrong facet here.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The four facets recognized in the Indian tradition are Cognitive, Social, Emotional, and Entrepreneurial competence.
This means options (A), (B), (C), and (E) are correct.
Therefore, the answer is (C).