Question

Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other one labelled as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): The Clausius statement of second law of thermodynamics states that it is impossible to transfer heat from a body at low temperature to a body at high temperature without the aid of external work.
Reason (R): Heat always flows from low temperature to high temperature.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
• B. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
• C. (A) is true but (R) is false.
• D. (A) is false but (R) is true.

Hint:

The Clausius statement of the second law of thermodynamics defines the direction of heat flow in natural processes Heat always flows from a higher temperature body to a lower temperature body and the reverse requires external work to be done as stated in the second law

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

The Clausius statement A accurately indicates that heat cannot spontaneously flow from a colder to a hotter body without external work. Reason R is incorrect as it states that heat always flows from low to high temperature, directly contradicting the second law of thermodynamics, which dictates that heat naturally flows from high to low temperature unless external work is applied.