Question

Given below are five statements:

(A) The process of evaporation of water in nature is one of the fundamental components of the hydrological cycle.

(B) Transpiration is the process by which water vapour leaves the atmosphere and enters the plant body.

(C) Potential evapo-transpiration is the evapo-transpiration from a large vegetation covered land surface with adequate moisture at all times.

(D) The soil and crop conditions in the lysimeters should be close to the natural conditions.

(E) Soil moisture depletion method is usually employed to determine the consumptive use of unirrigated field crops.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. (A), (C) and (D) only.
• B. (A), (B) and (C) only.
• C. (C), (D) and (E) only.
• D. (A), (D) and (E) only.

Hint:

Compare each claim with the standard textbook definition of the term it is describing.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Work through the five claims and match each one against the accepted definition of the term it describes.

Evaporation feeding the atmosphere with moisture that eventually falls back as rain is a textbook description of one link in the hydrological cycle, so (A) checks out.

Transpiration is water leaving the leaf through tiny stomatal openings and entering the surrounding air, the exact reverse of what (B) claims, so (B) fails.

Potential evapo-transpiration by Thornthwaite's definition is the loss of water from an extensive vegetated surface that never runs short of soil moisture, which lines up closely with statement (C), so it stands as true.

A lysimeter is meant to be a small scale stand in for the actual field, and this only works if its soil and crop are kept representative of natural conditions outside the tank, so (D) is correct.

Soil moisture depletion tracking is the classic tool for scheduling irrigation on fields that already receive water, watching the drop in stored moisture between waterings, so pinning it as the usual method for unirrigated crops as in (E) does not hold up.

That leaves (A), (C) and (D) as the statements that are actually correct.

\[\boxed{(A),\ (C),\ (D)\ \text{only}}\]