Question:medium

For a system of particles, if the external net force acting on the system is zero, the system's center of mass is:

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This is a statement of the conservation of momentum for a system. If the net external force is zero, the total momentum of the system (\(M\vec{v}_{CM}\)) is conserved.
Updated On: Feb 10, 2026
  • at rest
  • moving at a constant velocity
  • accelerating
  • rotating
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The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: State Newton's second law for a system of particles. The net external force on the system equals the system's total mass multiplied by the acceleration of its center of mass. \[ \vec{F}_{net, ext} = M \vec{a}_{CM} \]
Step 2: Incorporate the given condition. The problem states that the net external force is zero. \[ 0 = M \vec{a}_{CM} \]
Step 3: Determine the acceleration of the center of mass. Since the total mass \(M\) is non-zero, the acceleration of the center of mass must be zero. \[ \vec{a}_{CM} = 0 \]
Step 4: Conclude from the result. Zero acceleration indicates that the velocity of the center of mass remains constant. This means the center of mass travels at a uniform velocity. Being "at rest" is a specific instance of constant velocity where that velocity is zero. Therefore, option (2) provides the more general and accurate description.
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