Question

For a spontaneous process, the value of Gibbs energy change (\(\Delta G\)) is always:

• A. Positive
• B. Negative
• C. Zero
• D. Infinity

Hint:

Remember the Gibbs free energy rule: \[ \Delta G < 0 \Rightarrow \text{Spontaneous} \] \[ \Delta G = 0 \Rightarrow \text{Equilibrium} \] \[ \Delta G > 0 \Rightarrow \text{Non-spontaneous} \]

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Concept: Spontaneity is governed by Gibbs free energy: ΔG = ΔH – TΔS. A process is spontaneous if ΔG<0, meaning it can proceed without continuous external energy input.

Step 1: Recall the thermodynamic condition.
ΔG negative → spontaneous; ΔG positive → non-spontaneous; ΔG = 0 → equilibrium.

Step 2: Select matching option.
Only "Negative" represents a spontaneous process.

Final Answer: Negative (option B).