1. Federal systems distribute power between national and regional governments, exemplified by India.
2. Unitary systems centralize power within a single governing body, as seen in France.
3. Federalism supports regional independence, whereas unitary structures emphasize national cohesion.
| Subject List in Indian Constitution | Subjects |
|---|---|
| Union List | Defence and Commerce |
| State List | Police and Agriculture |
| Concurrent List | Forest and Communication |
| Residuary Subjects | Computer Software and Trade |