Question

Elements of which of the following groups will form anions most readily?

• A. Oxygen family
• B. Nitrogen family
• C. Halogens
• D. Alkali metals

Hint:

Halogens have maximum electron gain enthalpy as their atoms have just one electron less than the stable noble gas configuration.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

The question asks which group of elements forms anions most readily. Let's analyze each of the options.

1. Halogens: Halogens, which are located in Group 17 of the periodic table, are highly electronegative. This means they have a strong tendency to gain electrons to achieve a stable noble gas electron configuration, leading them to readily form anions. For example, Fluorine (F) and Chlorine (Cl) highly favor gaining an electron to form F⁻ and Cl⁻, respectively. Thus, halogens are the most likely to form anions.
2. Oxygen family: Also known as the chalcogens, these elements, located in Group 16, also tend to form anions. Oxygen, for instance, commonly forms O²⁻. However, the halogens (Group 17) have a higher affinity for electrons than the oxygen family (Group 16), making halogens more prone to forming anions.
3. Nitrogen family: These elements are in Group 15 and generally prefer to share electrons (form covalent bonds) rather than forming anions. Nitrogen can form N³⁻ ions, but it's less common compared to the anion formation in halogens.
4. Alkali metals: Group 1 elements are characterized by their tendency to lose one electron to form cations, such as Na⁺ from sodium. They do not form anions easily.

Thus, considering the tendency to gain electrons, Halogens are most likely to form anions among the given options.

In conclusion, the correct answer is Halogens.