Question

Describe the procedure involved in Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) technique. Why is this technique used in forensic sciences?

Hint:

RFLP differentiates individuals by unique DNA fragment patterns and is a powerful tool for forensic identification.

Answer 1

RFLP Technique Steps:

1. DNA Isolation: Obtain genomic DNA from the sample.
2. Restriction Enzyme Digestion: Digest the DNA with specific restriction enzymes at recognition sites, yielding fragments of diverse lengths.
3. Gel Electrophoresis: Separate these fragments by size on an agarose gel.
4. Membrane Transfer: Transfer the separated DNA fragments to a nylon membrane via Southern blotting.
5. Probe Hybridization: Incubate the membrane with a labeled DNA probe that selectively binds to a target DNA sequence.
6. Visualization: Detect the DNA fragment pattern using autoradiography or fluorescence.

Variations in DNA sequences among individuals result in distinct restriction fragment patterns, making RFLP valuable for DNA fingerprinting. Forensic Applications: RFLP is employed in forensic investigations for individual identification based on unique DNA profiles. It aids in crime scene analysis by comparing DNA from suspects to evidence, confirming identity or paternity, and resolving cases lacking other corroborating evidence.