Question

Define the term Bhashanga and give two examples.

Hint:

Bhashanga ragas use anya swaras not found in the parent scale—e.g., Bhairavi and Kambhoji are classic examples.

Answer 1

The term Bhashanga denotes a derived raga (janya raga) in Carnatic music that incorporates one or more foreign notes (anya swaras) absent from its parent melakarta scale. Key Characteristics of Bhashanga Ragas:

They integrate notes from outside the parent scale to enhance melodic texture.
These ragas are frequently employed to inject emotional depth and flexibility into raga renditions.
This contrasts with Upanga ragas, which adhere strictly to the notes of their parent melakarta scale.
Illustrative Examples:

Bhairavi: A janya raga derived from Natabhairavi; it employs Kaishiki Nishada (N2) and Chatusruti Dhaivata (D2).
Kambhoji: A janya raga of Harikambhoji; it features anya swaras such as Kaishiki Nishada (N2) in specific melodic phrases.
Importance: Bhashanga ragas provide a wider scope for improvisation and expressive artistry in both musical compositions and extemporaneous performance (manodharma).